I've heard both "CV" and "Resume" used in Australia…
Some interesting info from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curriculum_vitae
In the United Kingdom, a CV is short (usually a maximum of 2 sides of A4 paper), and therefore contains only a summary of the job seeker's employment history, qualifications and some personal information.
In the United States and Canada, a CV is used in academic circles and medical careers as a "replacement" for a résumé and is far more comprehensive; the term résumé is used for most recruitment campaigns.
In the European Union, there has been an attempt to develop a standardized CV format known as Europass (in 2004 by the European Parliament and European Commission) and promoted by the EU to ease skilled migration between member countries, although this is not widely used in most contexts.
Also, Brunhilda here called this page on my site my "professional CV", so it seems the term is used in Serbia too: http://shane.wikidot.com/experience
… so, much more widespread than you thought ;-) Just perhaps there are different uses / definitions in each country.